Understanding Medical Cannabis: A Guide for Healthcare Practitioners

Medical cannabis is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in the healthcare sector, particularly as it pertains to the treatment of chronic conditions in elderly patients. The use of medical cannabis can offer significant benefits, including pain relief and improved quality of life. The following describes some of what can be learned in the program, Medical Cannabis in the Elderly presented by, Dr. Vu Kiet Tran.

The Endocannabinoid System

The Endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating pain by modulating the transmission of pain signals in the nervous system. 
When the body experiences pain, endocannabinoids are released and bind to CB1 receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which can inhibit the release of neurotransmitters and reduce the perception of pain. Additionally, CB2 receptors, primarily located in immune cells, help to manage inflammation, which is often a source of chronic pain. By balancing these processes, the ECS can naturally reduce pain sensations and inflammation, making it a key target for medical cannabis in pain management.

Active Compounds in Cannabis and Their Uses

Cannabis contains over 100 different cannabinoids, with THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) being the most studied and utilized. Each cannabinoid has unique properties that make it suitable for different medical applications:

THC

Known for its psychoactive effects, THC can relieve pain, reduce nausea and vomiting, stimulate appetite, and improve sleep. It is particularly effective in treating chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, and cancer-related symptoms.

CBD

Non-psychoactive, CBD is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and seizure-reducing properties. It is often used in combination with THC to mitigate the psychoactive effects while enhancing therapeutic benefits.

Combining THC and CBD can have synergistic effects, enhancing the therapeutic potential while minimizing adverse effects. For elderly patients, formulations with a higher ratio of CBD to THC (e.g., 25:1 or 5:1) are often recommended to avoid psychoactive effects while providing symptom relief.

Indications for Medical Cannabis

Medical cannabis is not a one-size-fits-all solution and should be prescribed based on a thorough evaluation of the patient's condition, medical history, and potential risks. Some well-supported indications for medical cannabis include:

Chronic Pain

Medical cannabis can be an effective monotherapy or adjunct therapy for chronic pain management, particularly for neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain.

Multiple Sclerosis

It can help manage chronic pain and spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis.

Sleep Disorders

THC can improve sleep quality, which is particularly beneficial for patients suffering from chronic pain or other conditions that disrupt sleep.

Anorexia and Cachexia

Medical cannabis can stimulate appetite and promote weight gain. 

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea & Vomiting

THC is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Contraindications to consider:

  • Patients Under 25: Due to the potential impact on brain development.
  • Cardiopulmonary Conditions: Such as severe heart disease or respiratory disorders, especially if the patient smokes or vapes cannabis.
  • History of Psychiatric Disorders: Including schizophrenia or severe anxiety, which could be exacerbated by THC.
  • Concurrent Use of Anticoagulants: Medical cannabis can interact with blood thinners, increasing the risk of bleeding.
  • Severe Liver or Kidney Disease: Impaired liver or kidney function can alter cannabinoid metabolism and excretion, leading to increased risk of side effects or toxicity.

Learn More

Dr. Vu Kiet Tran goes into more detail in the program, Medical Cannabis in the Elderly. Click View Full Program for more details.